Narrative

Domestic Rose has been bred for centuries in Europe and England. Chambers Encyclopaedia, published in 1888, states that in the late 1700s one author recognized five species in the Rose genus as being native to England. Chambers also references another source, Hooker and Arnotts British Flora, published at the beginning of the 18th century, as recognizing nineteen different species. There is no doubt that the early European empires from as early as the Roman Caesars were responsible for the transportation and replanting of different rose species. It would be impossible today to try and deduce the specific origin of many of the varieties that are sold in the trade today. However, the following information taken from Chambers Encyclopaedia might be of interest to the taxonomist and gardener:

Hundred Leaved Rose (Rosa centifolia), a native of Caucasus, has been cultivated since ancient times and is perhaps the most beautiful of all the Roses.

French Rose (Rosa gallica) is a native of Southern Europe and can be distinguished by its hard leaves which have a peculiar dryness.

Damask Rose (Rosa damascens) is a native of Syria and is frequently cultivated.

Musk Rose (Rosa moschata) was originally from Northern Africa, but has been cultivated in England since the end of the 16th century.

Dog Rose (Rosa canina) is common in England, Europe, and Asia In its wild state red, pink, and white flowers are known. The bark of the root was believed to help cure rabies. The root stock of this species is frequently used for grafting.

Villous Rose (Rosa vilosa) is another common European species.

Field Rose (Rosa arvensis) is common in many parts of Europe and England.

Many Flowered Rose (Rosa multiflora) is a native of China and Japan, and it is found growing wild in all parts of Europe and America. In the United States, it is considered a pest and it is illegal to propagate it.

Scotch Rose (Rosa spinosissina) is a low compact bush found in the heaths and downs of England. Many varieties of this species are now in cultivation.

Alpine Rose (Rosa alpina) is a species of the mountains of Central Europe. It is noteworthy because its flower stalks bend down after flowering.

Sweet Briar (Rosa rubiginosa) is a bushy species with small leaves and flowers found in Europe and England. It is frequently planted because of the sweet smell of its leaves.

Yellow Rose (Rosa lutea) is a native of Germany. The yellow flowers are unusual, but do not smell very nice.

Indian or China Rose (Rosa indica) was originally from China, but was introduced in India. It is now common in Europe. Sometimes this hardy species is called the monthly rose, as it flowers almost continuously throughout the year.

Taxonomy

References