Narrative

Western Violet or hooked violet (Viola adunca) is found from Quebec to Alaska, and south to Colorado and California. This smooth plant has a woody rootstock. The violet to purple flowers arise from the leaf axils and generally rise above the leaves. The side petals are bearded and the spur is relatively long and usually curved upward.

The blue color will help identify this lifeform. This lifeform is common.

This lifeform is found north of the Mason Dixon line in North America.

Viola genus ( violet) is found worldwide in the north temperate zones and also south from North America to the Andes Mountains. There are about 500 species of herbs and shrubs in this genus, with 84 species, 33 hybrids, and 64 subspecies living in greater North America. The herbs may or may not have stems. Many species have flowers on separate stalks from the leaves. The flowers are 5-petaled. The lowest petal is usually the largest and is frequently spurred. Most species bloom early in the spring. The lack or presence of hairs on the inside of the various petals near the base help identify the different members of this genus. Many of these plants are favorites with gardeners.

Violet (Violacea) family contains not only the familiar violets (Genus Viola) but also about twenty different additional genera. There are about 800 species in this worldwide family arranged in 23 different genera. There are 92 species in greater North America arranged in three different genera.

Parietales Order is a large assemblage containing over thirty different families. The violets are a well-known group in this order. The St. Johnswort family is another well known family in this order.

Dicots (Dicotyledoneae Class) are the predominant group of vascular plants on earth. With the exception of the grasses (Monocots) and the Conifers (Gymnosperms), most of the larger plants that one encounters are Dicots. Dicots are characterized by having a seed with two outer shell coverings.

Some of the more primitive Dicots are the typical hardwood trees (oaks, birches, hickories, etc). The more advanced Dicots include many of the Composite (Aster) Family flowers like the Dandelion, Aster, Thistles, and Sunflowers. Although many Monocots reach a very high degree of specialization, most botanists feel that the Dicots represent the most advanced group of plants.

Seed plants (Phylum Embryophyta) are generally grouped into one large phylum containing three major classes: the Gymnosperms, the Monocots, and the Dicots. (Some scientists separate the Gymnosperms into a separate phylum and refer to the remaining plants as flowering plants or Angiospermae.)

For North American counts of the number of species in each genus and family, the primary reference has been John T. Kartesz, author of A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland (1994). The geographical scope of his lists include, as part of greater North America, Hawaii, Alaska, Greenland, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Kartesz lists 21,757 species of vascular plants comprising the ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants as being found in greater North America (including Alaska, Hawaii, Greenland, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

There are estimates within the scientific world that about half of the listed North American seed plants were originally native with the balance being comprised of Eurasian and tropical plants that have become established.